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Romans 1:29 (Biblehub)
They have become filled with
πεπληρωμένους (peplērōmenous)
Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4137: From pleres; to make replete, i.e. to cram, level up, or to furnish, satisfy, execute, finish, verify, etc.
every kind of
πάσῃ (pasē)
Adjective - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 3956: All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.
wickedness,
ἀδικίᾳ (adikia)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 93: Injustice, unrighteousness, hurt. From adikos; injustice; morally, wrongfulness.
evil,
πονηρίᾳ (ponēria)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4189: Wickedness, iniquities. From poneros; depravity, i.e., malice; plural plots, sins.
greed,
πλεονεξίᾳ (pleonexia)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4124: Covetousness, avarice, aggression, desire for advantage. From pleonektes; avarice, i.e. fraudulency, extortion.
[and] hatred.
κακίᾳ (kakia)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 2549: From kakos; badness, i.e. depravity, or malignity, or trouble.
[They are] full
μεστοὺς (mestous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3324: Full, filled with. Of uncertain derivation.
of envy,
φθόνου (phthonou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 5355: Envy, a grudge, spite. Probably akin to the base of phtheiro; ill-will, i.e. Jealousy.
murder,
φόνου (phonou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 5408: Murder, slaughter, killing. From an obsolete primary pheno; murder.
strife,
ἔριδος (eridos)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 2054: Contention, strife, wrangling. Of uncertain affinity; a quarrel, i.e. wrangling.
deceit,
δόλου (dolou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 1388: Deceit, guile, treachery. From an obsolete primary verb, dello; a trick, i.e. wile.
[and] malice.
κακοηθείας (kakoētheias)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 2550: Evil-mindedness, malignity, malevolence. From a compound of kakos and ethos; bad character, i.e. mischievousness.
[They are] gossips,
ψιθυριστάς (psithyristas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 5588: A whisperer, secret slanderer. From the same as psithurismos; a secret calumniator.
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New Living Translation
Their lives became full of every kind of wickedness, sin, greed, hate, envy, murder, quarreling, deception, malicious behavior, and gossip.
- CORRECT
They have become filled with
πεπληρωμένους (peplērōmenous)
Verb - Perfect Participle Middle or Passive - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4137: From pleres; to make replete, i.e. to cram, level up, or to furnish, satisfy, execute, finish, verify, etc.
every kind of
πάσῃ (pasē)
Adjective - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 3956: All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.
wickedness,
ἀδικίᾳ (adikia)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 93: Injustice, unrighteousness, hurt. From adikos; injustice; morally, wrongfulness.
evil,
πονηρίᾳ (ponēria)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4189: Wickedness, iniquities. From poneros; depravity, i.e., malice; plural plots, sins.
greed,
πλεονεξίᾳ (pleonexia)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4124: Covetousness, avarice, aggression, desire for advantage. From pleonektes; avarice, i.e. fraudulency, extortion.
[and] hatred.
κακίᾳ (kakia)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 2549: From kakos; badness, i.e. depravity, or malignity, or trouble.
[They are] full
μεστοὺς (mestous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3324: Full, filled with. Of uncertain derivation.
of envy,
φθόνου (phthonou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 5355: Envy, a grudge, spite. Probably akin to the base of phtheiro; ill-will, i.e. Jealousy.
murder,
φόνου (phonou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 5408: Murder, slaughter, killing. From an obsolete primary pheno; murder.
strife,
ἔριδος (eridos)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 2054: Contention, strife, wrangling. Of uncertain affinity; a quarrel, i.e. wrangling.
deceit,
δόλου (dolou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 1388: Deceit, guile, treachery. From an obsolete primary verb, dello; a trick, i.e. wile.
[and] malice.
κακοηθείας (kakoētheias)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 2550: Evil-mindedness, malignity, malevolence. From a compound of kakos and ethos; bad character, i.e. mischievousness.
[They are] gossips,
ψιθυριστάς (psithyristas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 5588: A whisperer, secret slanderer. From the same as psithurismos; a secret calumniator.
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New Living Translation
Their lives became full of every kind of wickedness, sin, greed, hate, envy, murder, quarreling, deception, malicious behavior, and gossip.
- CORRECT
Romans 1:30 (Biblehub)
slanderers,
καταλάλους (katalalous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 2637: Slanderous, back-biting; subst: a railer, defamer. From kata and the base of laleo; talkative against, i.e. A slanderer.
God-haters,
θεοστυγεῖς (theostygeis)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 2319: Hating God, hateful to God. From theos and the base of stugnetos; hateful to God, i.e. Impious.
insolent,
ὑβριστάς (hybristas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 5197: An insolent, insulting, or violent man. From hubrizo; an insulter, i.e. Maltreater.
arrogant,
ὑπερηφάνους (hyperēphanous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 5244: Proud, arrogant, disdainful. From huper and phaino; appearing above others, i.e. haughty.
[and] boastful.
ἀλαζόνας (alazonas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 213: A boaster, one who gives one's self airs in a loud and flaunting way. From ale; braggart.
[They] invent
ἐφευρετὰς (epheuretas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 2182: An inventor, contriver, discoverer. From a compound of epi and heurisko; a discoverer, i.e. Contriver.
[new] forms of evil;
κακῶν (kakōn)
Adjective - Genitive Neuter Plural
Strong's 2556: Bad, evil, in the widest sense. Apparently a primary word; worthless, i.e. depraved, or injurious.
they disobey
ἀπειθεῖς (apeitheis)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 545: Unbelieving, disobedient, who will not be persuaded. Unpersuadable, i.e. Contumacious.
[their] parents.
γονεῦσιν (goneusin)
Noun - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 1118: A begetter, father; plur: parents. From the base of ginomai; a parent.
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New Living Translation
They are backstabbers, haters of God, insolent, proud, and boastful. They invent new ways of sinning, and they disobey their parents.
- CORRECT
slanderers,
καταλάλους (katalalous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 2637: Slanderous, back-biting; subst: a railer, defamer. From kata and the base of laleo; talkative against, i.e. A slanderer.
God-haters,
θεοστυγεῖς (theostygeis)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 2319: Hating God, hateful to God. From theos and the base of stugnetos; hateful to God, i.e. Impious.
insolent,
ὑβριστάς (hybristas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 5197: An insolent, insulting, or violent man. From hubrizo; an insulter, i.e. Maltreater.
arrogant,
ὑπερηφάνους (hyperēphanous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 5244: Proud, arrogant, disdainful. From huper and phaino; appearing above others, i.e. haughty.
[and] boastful.
ἀλαζόνας (alazonas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 213: A boaster, one who gives one's self airs in a loud and flaunting way. From ale; braggart.
[They] invent
ἐφευρετὰς (epheuretas)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 2182: An inventor, contriver, discoverer. From a compound of epi and heurisko; a discoverer, i.e. Contriver.
[new] forms of evil;
κακῶν (kakōn)
Adjective - Genitive Neuter Plural
Strong's 2556: Bad, evil, in the widest sense. Apparently a primary word; worthless, i.e. depraved, or injurious.
they disobey
ἀπειθεῖς (apeitheis)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 545: Unbelieving, disobedient, who will not be persuaded. Unpersuadable, i.e. Contumacious.
[their] parents.
γονεῦσιν (goneusin)
Noun - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 1118: A begetter, father; plur: parents. From the base of ginomai; a parent.
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New Living Translation
They are backstabbers, haters of God, insolent, proud, and boastful. They invent new ways of sinning, and they disobey their parents.
- CORRECT
Romans 1:31 (Biblehub)
[They are] senseless,
ἀσυνέτους (asynetous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 801: Unintelligent, without wisdom, unwise, undiscerning (implying probably moral defect). By implication, wicked.
faithless,
ἀσυνθέτους (asynthetous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 802: Not covenanting, untrue to an agreement, treacherous. Properly, not agreed, i.e. Treacherous to compacts.
heartless,
ἀστόργους (astorgous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 794: Unloving, devoid of affection. Hard-hearted towards kindred.
merciless.
ἀνελεήμονας (aneleēmonas)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 415: Unpitying, unmerciful, without compassion, cruel. Merciless.
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New Living Translation
They refuse to understand, break their promises, are heartless, and have no mercy.
- CORRECT
[They are] senseless,
ἀσυνέτους (asynetous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 801: Unintelligent, without wisdom, unwise, undiscerning (implying probably moral defect). By implication, wicked.
faithless,
ἀσυνθέτους (asynthetous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 802: Not covenanting, untrue to an agreement, treacherous. Properly, not agreed, i.e. Treacherous to compacts.
heartless,
ἀστόργους (astorgous)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 794: Unloving, devoid of affection. Hard-hearted towards kindred.
merciless.
ἀνελεήμονας (aneleēmonas)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural
Strong's 415: Unpitying, unmerciful, without compassion, cruel. Merciless.
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New Living Translation
They refuse to understand, break their promises, are heartless, and have no mercy.
- CORRECT
Romans 1:32 (Biblehub)
[Although they]
οἵτινες (hoitines)
Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3748: Whosoever, whichsoever, whatsoever.
know
ἐπιγνόντες (epignontes)
Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 1921: From epi and ginosko; to know upon some mark, i.e. Recognize; by implication, to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge.
God’s
Θεοῦ (Theou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.
righteous decree
δικαίωμα (dikaiōma)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 1345: From dikaioo; an equitable deed; by implication, a statute or decision.
that
ὅτι (hoti)
Conjunction
Strong's 3754: Neuter of hostis as conjunction; demonstrative, that; causative, because.
those who
οἱ (hoi)
Article - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.
do
πράσσοντες (prassontes)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4238: To do, perform, accomplish; be in any condition, i.e. I fare; I exact, require.
such
τὰ (ta)
Article - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.
things
τοιαῦτα (toiauta)
Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 5108: (including the other inflections); from toi and houtos; truly this, i.e. Of this sort (to denote character or individuality).
are
εἰσίν (eisin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 1510: I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.
worthy
ἄξιοι (axioi)
Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 514: Worthy, worthy of, deserving, comparable, suitable. Probably from ago; deserving, comparable or suitable.
of death,
θανάτου (thanatou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2288: Death, physical or spiritual. From thnesko; death.
{they} not
οὐ (ou)
Adverb
Strong's 3756: No, not. Also ouk, and ouch a primary word; the absolute negative adverb; no or not.
only
μόνον (monon)
Adverb
Strong's 3440: Alone, but, only. Neuter of monos as adverb; merely.
continue to do
ποιοῦσιν (poiousin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 4160: (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do.
these things,
αὐτὰ (auta)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.
but
ἀλλὰ (alla)
Conjunction
Strong's 235: But, except, however. Neuter plural of allos; properly, other things, i.e. contrariwise.
also
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.
approve of
συνευδοκοῦσιν (syneudokousin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 4909: From sun and eudokeo; to think well of in common, i.e. Assent to, feel gratified with.
those who
τοῖς (tois)
Article - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.
practice [them].
πράσσουσιν (prassousin)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4238: To do, perform, accomplish; be in any condition, i.e. I fare; I exact, require.
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New Living Translation
They know God’s justice requires that those who do these things deserve to die, yet they do them anyway. Worse yet, they encourage others to do them, too.
- CORRECT
[Although they]
οἵτινες (hoitines)
Personal / Relative Pronoun - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3748: Whosoever, whichsoever, whatsoever.
know
ἐπιγνόντες (epignontes)
Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 1921: From epi and ginosko; to know upon some mark, i.e. Recognize; by implication, to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge.
God’s
Θεοῦ (Theou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.
righteous decree
δικαίωμα (dikaiōma)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 1345: From dikaioo; an equitable deed; by implication, a statute or decision.
that
ὅτι (hoti)
Conjunction
Strong's 3754: Neuter of hostis as conjunction; demonstrative, that; causative, because.
those who
οἱ (hoi)
Article - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.
do
πράσσοντες (prassontes)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4238: To do, perform, accomplish; be in any condition, i.e. I fare; I exact, require.
such
τὰ (ta)
Article - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.
things
τοιαῦτα (toiauta)
Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 5108: (including the other inflections); from toi and houtos; truly this, i.e. Of this sort (to denote character or individuality).
are
εἰσίν (eisin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 1510: I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.
worthy
ἄξιοι (axioi)
Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 514: Worthy, worthy of, deserving, comparable, suitable. Probably from ago; deserving, comparable or suitable.
of death,
θανάτου (thanatou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2288: Death, physical or spiritual. From thnesko; death.
{they} not
οὐ (ou)
Adverb
Strong's 3756: No, not. Also ouk, and ouch a primary word; the absolute negative adverb; no or not.
only
μόνον (monon)
Adverb
Strong's 3440: Alone, but, only. Neuter of monos as adverb; merely.
continue to do
ποιοῦσιν (poiousin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 4160: (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do.
these things,
αὐτὰ (auta)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Neuter 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.
but
ἀλλὰ (alla)
Conjunction
Strong's 235: But, except, however. Neuter plural of allos; properly, other things, i.e. contrariwise.
also
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.
approve of
συνευδοκοῦσιν (syneudokousin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 4909: From sun and eudokeo; to think well of in common, i.e. Assent to, feel gratified with.
those who
τοῖς (tois)
Article - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.
practice [them].
πράσσουσιν (prassousin)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4238: To do, perform, accomplish; be in any condition, i.e. I fare; I exact, require.
____________________________________________________________
New Living Translation
They know God’s justice requires that those who do these things deserve to die, yet they do them anyway. Worse yet, they encourage others to do them, too.
- CORRECT